inggang Gila waterfall. Singgang Gila derived from Sasak language which means a hill or a mad place. The name Gila used by the Bayan melokak (elders) to give the sinister impression against the spring. The goal is so that the community does not damage the Singgang Gila waterfall. With that persuasion, the purity of water in the two places are maintained. Moreover, both are in the area of Mount Rinjani National Park. With such diverse positions, T…

and Lamahala (on the south coast). Together with two principalities on Solor, Lohayong and Lamakera, they constituted a league called Watan Lema (“the five shores”). The Watan Lema allied with the Dutch East India Company(VOC) in 1613, confirmed in 1646. The Adonara principalities had frequent feuds with the Portuguese in Larantuka on Flores, and were not always obedient to the Dutch authorities. Adonara is a part of the Indonesia…

est designated as National Parks from an area of ??47,014 ha 50, but within Laiwangi Wanggameti decree makes no mention of the “enclave” that in fact there are two villages in the region namely Ramuk and Katikuai. Commencing in 2006/2007 Ramuk village has blossomed into 2 villages named Mahaniwa and Ramuk, the enclave villages have an area of more than 4447 acress. Both Ramuk and Katikuai is seen as pockets of the population and the…

…e. The beach by the Indian Ocean or South sea is filled with small stones plates shaped and smooth-textured coastal rocks. Kolbano stone, the name was known to refer to the rocks of the coast which has become Kolbano ultimate commodity for the people around Kolbano Beach. This Kolbano stone has been mined and traded officially since the 80s. These stones are usually used as decorative stone in the garden or in the lobbies of hotels, both domestic…